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ObjectiveTo study the metabolism of chemical components from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium（CRP）in different parts of rats by sequential metabolism and ultra performance liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-HRMS）. MethodSD male rats were employed as experimental subjects， and blood samples of intestinal metabolism and hepatic metabolism were prepared after administration of CRP ethanol extract by in situ intestinal perfusion， and comprehensive metabolic samples were collected after intragastric administration. UPLC-HRMS was used to analyze the samples with acetonitrile（A）-0.1% formic acid aqueous solution（B）as the mobile phase for gradient elution（0-10 min， 10%-30%A； 10-30 min， 30%-95%A； 30-31 min， 95%-10%A； 31-35 min， 10%A）at a flow rate of 0.35 mL·min-1， using a heated electrospray ionization with positive and negative ion mode scanning in the range of m/z 100-1 500. Under these conditions， the differences in the profiles of CRP ethanol extract， blank plasma and drug-containing plasma under different treatment groups were compared， and the chemical components of each sample were analyzed and identified based on the retention time， accurate relative molecular mass， primary and secondary ion fragments， and the information of reference substances. ResultA total of 44 chemical components were identified in the CRP ethanol extract， including flavone-O-glycosides， flavone-C-glycosides and polymethoxyflavonoids， etc. The results of sequential metabolism showed that 22 chemical components in CRP were detected in the intestinal metabolic sample， 18 chemical components were detected in the hepatic metabolic sample， and 9 identical chemical components（narirutin， hesperidin， meranzin， 5，7，8，3ʹ，4ʹ，5ʹ-hexamethoxy-flavone， isosinensetin， sinensetin， 3，5，6，7，8，3ʹ，4ʹ-heptamethoxyflavone， nobiletin and tangeretin）could be detected in all three metabolic samples， with a total of 22 compounds entering the blood in prototype form. ConclusionThe identified 21 components with well-defined structures entering the blood as prototypes may be potential active components of CRP， and differences in the components at different metabolic parts can provide an experimental basis for elucidating the in vivo biotransformation process of the metabolic components of CRP.
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@#Objective To explore the safety and feasibility of preferential manual bronchoplasty in single-port video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) upper lobectomy. Methods The clinical data of 457 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who underwent single-port VATS lobectomy in the Department of Thoracic Surgery of Peking University First Hospital from March 2020 to March 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a preferential manual bronchoplasty group and a traditional single-port VATS lobectomy group with a 1 : 1 propensity score matching for further research. Results A total of 204 patients were matched, and there were 102 patients in each group. There were 50 males and 52 females aged 62.2±10.1 years in the preferential bronchoplasty group, and 49 males and 53 females aged 61.2±10.7 years in the traditional single-port VATS group. The preferential bronchoplasty group had shorter surgical time (154.4±37.0 min vs. 221.2±68.9 min, P<0.01), less bleeding (66.5±116.9 mL vs. 288.6±754.5 mL, P=0.02), more lymph node dissection (19.8±7.5 vs. 15.2±4.7, P<0.01), and a lower conversion rate to multi-port or open surgery (2.3% vs. 13.8%, P=0.04) in left upper lobe resection. In the right upper lobe resection surgery, there was no statistical difference in postoperative results between two groups. There was no perioperative death or occurrence of bronchopleural fistula in both groups. Conclusion Compared with traditional single-port VATS upper lobectomy, preferential bronchoplasty has similar safety and feasibility. In addition, priority bronchoplasty in left upper lobectomy has the advantages of shorter surgical time, less bleeding, more lymph node dissection, and lower conversion rate to multi-port or open surgery.
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Adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung (ASC), a relatively rare subtype of non-small-cell lung cancer, is defined as a malignancy containing components of both lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), with each comprising at least 10% of the tumor. Comparing to pure ADC or SCC, ASC has stronger aggressiveness and poorer prognosis. Surgery and chemotherapy are the mainstay treatments for ASC currently. The great progress of targeted therapy and immunotherapy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has given ASC patients new hope. The EGFR mutation frequency and PD-L1 expression rate are similar comparing ASC to ADC and SCC, which means the targeted therapy and immunotherapy could make promising benefits to ASC patients. How to make personal treatment strategy and conduct whole course management is the emphasis of future studies.
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Objective To study stress distributions of lower dentition distally moved with miniscrews in external oblique line area when the traction hooks with different lengths were placed at different positions by the three-dimensional (3D) finite element method. Methods Based on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data from a patient, traction hooks with the heights of 2 mm and 7 mm were constructed and fixed between the lateral incisors and the canine brackets, as well as between the canines and the first premolar brackets. Four kinds of 3D finite element models of full dentition distally moved with miniscrews were constructed. The 3 N traction force was loaded between the traction hook and the miniscrews. The maximum von Mises stress and initial displacement of the mandibular teeth and dentition under four working conditions were analyzed. ResultsWhen the traction hook with 7 mm-height was placed between the lateral incisor and the canine, the lower central incisor rotated clockwisely, with the crown moving labially and the root moving lingually. But under the other three working conditions, the central incisor rotated counterclockwisely, and the crown and root moved lingually. When the traction hook with 7 mm-height was placed between the canine and the first premolar, the lower canine crown moved proximally. But under the other three working conditions, both the crown and root moved distally. Under four working conditions, the mandibular molars all rotated counterclockwisely,with the crown and root moving distally. Conclusions Through 3D finite element analysis, biomechanical mechanism of the effect of different traction hooks on mandibular tooth movement during distalization of the lower dentition was elucidated.With full understanding of the biomechanical mechanism, proper selection for length and placement of the traction hook can achieve distal movement of the entire mandibular dentition more efficiently.
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In this study, voltage was used as a disturbance factor to investigate the relationship between microbial community and methane (CH4) production flux in a microbial electrolytic cell coupled anaerobic digestion (MEC-AD). Metabolic flux analysis (MFA) was used to explore the relationship between the CH4 metabolic flux produced and the microbes. The results showed that both methane production flux and hydrogen production flux changed significantly upon voltage disturbance, while the voltage disturbance had little effect on acetic acid production flux. The maximum CH4 production flux under 0.6 V disturbance was 0.522±0.051, which increased by 77% and 32%, respectively, compared with that of the control group under 1.0 V (0.295±0.013) and under 1.4 V (0.395±0.029). In addition, an average of 15.7%±2.9% of H2 (flux) was used to reduce CO2 to produce CH4 and acetic acid, and an average of 27.7%±6.9% of acetic acid (flux) was converted to CH4. Moreover, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae significantly affected the flux of acetic acid. The flux of CH4 production is positively correlated with the abundances of Petrimonas, Syntrophomonas, Blvii28, and Acinetobacter, and negatively correlated with the abundances of Tuzzerella and Sphaerochaeta. The species that affected the flux of H2 and CH4 were similar, mostly belonging to Bacteroides, Clostridium, Pseudomonas and Firmicutes. Furthermore, the interspecies interaction is also an important factor affecting the MEC-AD methanogenesis flux.
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Acetates , Anaerobiosis , Bioreactors , Electrolysis , MethaneABSTRACT
Obesity is increasingly prevalent globally, searching for therapeutic agents acting on adipose tissue is of great importance. Equisetin (EQST), a meroterpenoid isolated from a marine sponge-derived fungus, has been reported to display antibacterial and antiviral activities. Here, we revealed that EQST displayed anti-obesity effects acting on adipose tissue through inhibiting adipogenesis in vitro and attenuating HFD-induced obesity in mice, doing so without affecting food intake, blood pressure or heart rate. We demonstrated that EQST inhibited the enzyme activity of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1), a therapeutic target of obesity in adipose tissue. Anti-obesity properties of EQST were all offset by applying excessive 11β-HSD1's substrates and 11β-HSD1 inhibition through knockdown in vitro or 11β-HSD1 knockout in vivo. In the 11β-HSD1 bypass model constructed by adding excess 11β-HSD1 products, EQST's anti-obesity effects disappeared. Furthermore, EQST directly bond to 11β-HSD1 protein and presented remarkable better intensity on 11β-HSD1 inhibition and better efficacy on anti-obesity than known 11β-HSD1 inhibitor. Therefore, EQST can be developed into anti-obesity candidate compound, and this study may provide more clues for developing higher effective 11β-HSD1 inhibitors.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effects and complications of different period cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury.Methods The clinical data of 96 craniocerebral injury patients who had underwent decompressive craniectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2014 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed.According to the different time of cranioplasty,the patients were divided into early group and routine group.In the early group,50 patients received cranioplasty between 1.5 to 3.0 months after decompressive craniectomy;while in the conventional group,46 patients received cranioplasty between 3.1 to 6.0 months after decompressive craniectomy.The complications after cranioplasty were observed in 2 groups,and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) before cranioplasty and 3,6 and 12 months after cranioplasty were recorded.Results There were no statistical difference in delayed wound healing,subcutaneous hydrops,incision infection,hydrocephalus,intracranial hemorrhage and total incidence of complications between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05).However,the incidence of postoperative epilepsy in early group was significantly lower than that in routine group:0 vs.8.70％ (4/46),and there was statistical difference (P ＜ 0.05).There were no statistical differences in GOS and KPS before cranioplasty between 2 groups (P ＞ 0.05);the GOS and KPS 3,6 and 12 months after cranioplasty in early group were significantly higher than those in routine group,GOS:(3.58 ± 0.64) scores vs.(3.20 ± 0.74) scores,(3.90 ± 0.58) scores vs.(3.61 ± 0.61) scores and (4.22 ± 0.55) scores vs.(3.98 ± 0.45) scores;KPS:(56.20 ± 8.55) scores vs.(52.17 ± 7.86) scores,(68.40 ± 9.12) scores vs.(63.91 ± 10.22) scores and (75.20 ± 9.31) scores vs.(70.43 ± 10.53) scores,and there were statistical differences (P＜0.01 or ＜0.05).Conclusions Early cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury can not only reduce the incidence of postoperative epilepsy,but also be more conducive to the recovery of postoperative neurological function and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Objective@#To investigate the clinical effects and complications of different period cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury.@*Methods@#The clinical data of 96 craniocerebral injury patients who had underwent decompressive craniectomy in the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College from January 2014 to January 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. According to the different time of cranioplasty, the patients were divided into early group and routine group. In the early group, 50 patients received cranioplasty between 1.5 to 3.0 months after decompressive craniectomy; while in the conventional group, 46 patients received cranioplasty between 3.1 to 6.0 months after decompressive craniectomy. The complications after cranioplasty were observed in 2 groups, and Glasgow outcome score (GOS) and Karnofsky performance score (KPS) before cranioplasty and 3, 6 and 12 months after cranioplasty were recorded.@*Results@#There were no statistical difference in delayed wound healing, subcutaneous hydrops, incision infection, hydrocephalus, intracranial hemorrhage and total incidence of complications between 2 groups (P>0.05). However, the incidence of postoperative epilepsy in early group was significantly lower than that in routine group: 0 vs. 8.70% (4/46), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). There were no statistical differences in GOS and KPS before cranioplasty between 2 groups (P>0.05); the GOS and KPS 3, 6 and 12 months after cranioplasty in early group were significantly higher than those in routine group, GOS: (3.58 ± 0.64) scores vs. (3.20 ± 0.74) scores, (3.90 ± 0.58) scores vs. (3.61 ± 0.61) scores and (4.22 ± 0.55) scores vs. (3.98 ± 0.45) scores; KPS: (56.20 ± 8.55) scores vs. (52.17 ± 7.86) scores, (68.40 ± 9.12) scores vs. (63.91 ± 10.22) scores and (75.20 ± 9.31) scores vs. (70.43 ± 10.53) scores, and there were statistical differences (P<0.01 or <0.05).@*Conclusions@#Early cranioplasty after decompressive craniectomy in patients with craniocerebral injury can not only reduce the incidence of postoperative epilepsy, but also be more conducive to the recovery of postoperative neurological function and improve the prognosis of patients.
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Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is a type Ⅲ hypersensitivity reaction mediated by immune complexes, and it demonstrates leukocytoclastic vasculitis pathologically. Complement activation plays a crucial role in UV development. Serum complement level can not only be helpful for UV classification but also be of great value in predicting illness severity, treatment response and prognosis. Therefore, attention should be paid to complement measurement in the diagnosis and treatment of UV.
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In recent years, great advances have been made in application of treat-to-target (T2T) strategy to the treatment of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). In T2T strategy, it is suggested that the main target in SLE treatment should be the attainment and maintenance of clinical remission; if clinical remission cannot be achieved, low disease activity could be an alternative target; when the treatment target is achieved and maintained for a period, physicians can try to taper glucocorticoids and, if possible, glucocorticoids should be withdrawn completely; in patients in sustained clinical remission, the next step would be to reduce and stop immunosuppressants and antimalarials; in patients in sustained low disease activity, the next step would be to taper immunosuppressants. In sum, T2T strategy offers the direction and provides the possibility of discontinuation of glucocorticoids and complete withdrawal of therapy in patients with SLE. This review summarizes the new concept of T2T in SLE treatment, and discusses the influence and guiding significance of T2T on discontinuation of glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants and antimalarials.
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Current evidence shows that subcutaneous injection of methotrexate results in more rapid and better absorption, higher blood drug levels and less variable exposure than oral dosing. Among patients with rheumatoid arthritis or psoriasis, subcutaneous methotrexate is more effective than oral methotrexate, and has a lower risk of gastrointestinal complaints. For patients in whom oral methotrexate is proved to be inadequate or intolerant, subcutaneous methotrexate also shows good efficacy. Subcutaneous methotrexate can serve as a treatment option before the use of biological agents, and in this way, large amounts of money can be saved. Subcutaneous methotrexate has good application prospects for clinical practice.
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Objective To study the vibration characteristics of a normal C2-7 cervical spine finite element model and vibration changes of a cervical facet joint with different degrees of impairment or that is resected. Methods The finite element model of a normal C2-7 cervical spine based on computed tomography (CT) scan images was established and validated. Next, the normal frequency and first ten modes of the normal cervical spine model were extracted. A facet joint was considered without or with joint constraints with a friction coefficient of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.2 to simulate a resected facet joint or a facet joint with mild, moderate, and severe damage, respectively. Thus, the effects of different types of damage to the cervical spine on their natural frequencies could be studied. Results The minimum natural frequency of the normal model occurred in the extension and lateral bending modes and it was approximately 12 Hz. A large displacement in the model occurred mainly in the atlas. The frequency of the model with the constrained joint was higher than that without joint constraints; however, the natural frequencies of the facet joints with different friction coefficients remained almost unchanged. Conclusions The study of the natural frequency, mode shape, and amplitude of the cervical spine provided the basis for further studying its dynamic characteristics, which is of tremendous significance in the nursing and treatment of cervical vertebrae. A vibration environment of 12 Hz should be avoided in daily activities and cervical treatment to prevent severe damage to the cervical spine.
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Objective@#To investigate the efficacy of bare metal stent for treating focal coronary artery aneurysm complicating with severe stenosisin single coronary artery.@*Methods@#This retrospective analysis was performed in 7 patients who were diagnosed as local coronary artery aneurysm complicating with severe stenosis(≥70%) in single coronary artery and treated with bare metal stent during the period from December 2012 to June 2015 in Fuwai Hospital. All 7 patients were male with age of (62±11) years old. During the interventional operation, the narrow parts were pre-expanded,and all patients received bare metal stents implantation to cover aneurysms.The clinical and imaging data of patients immediately post procedure and at postoperative follow-up were collected to evaluate the clinical efficacy.@*Results@#There were 5 cases of left anterior descending aneurysms and 2 cases of right coronary artery aneurysms. The diameter of aneurysm was (5.21±1.28)mm, and the length was (13.71±3.88)mm. There was intracranial vortex in coronary arteriography immediately after intervention.Proximalstenosis of coronary artery aneurysm was disappeared,and the distal blood flow was TIMI class 3.There were no signs of aortic dissection and thrombus formation.During 6(6 16) months follow-up, the aneurysms were disappeared,and there were no major adverse cardiovascular events which including myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction, revascularization,bleeding,and death for all patients.@*Conclusion@#Initial experience shows that double-layer bare metal stents implantation for patients with localized coronary artery aneurysm complicating with severe stenosis in single vessel is safe and effective.
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Objective To analyze the clinical features,etiology and prognostic factors of nosocomial candidemia in Beijing Anzhen Hospital.Methods A total of 174 cases of nosocomial candidemia identified during the period from January 2003 to December 2013 in Anzhen Hospital were reviewed retrospectively.The underlying conditions,risk factors,clinical manifestations and outcome were described and analyzed.The prognostic factors were analyzed by both univariate analysis including t-test and Chisquare test,and multivariate regression analysis.Results The 174 patients included 108 (62.1％) males and 66 (37.9％) females.The mean age of patients was 53.9±27.3 years,specifically:＜18 years (31/174,17.8％),18-＜ 65 years (56/174,32.2％),and ≥ 65 years (87/174,50.0％).About one-third (59/174,33.9％) of the patients were treated in ICU,followed by cardiac surgery ward (58/174,33.3％),respiratory medicine ward (21 / 174,12.1％),general surgery ward (14/174,8.0％),neurology ward (7/174,4.0％),vascular surgery (6/174,3.4％),and orthopedic ward (3/174,1.7％).Fever was documented in all cases,including 37.5-37.9 ℃ in 3 (1.7％) cases,38.0-38.9 ℃ in 81 (46.6％) cases,39.0-39.9 ℃ in 85 (48.9％) cases,and ≥ 40.0 ℃ in 5 (2.9％) cases.Increased peripheral blood WBC (＞10×109/L) was reported in 162 (93.1％) cases.The percentage of neutrophils (＞75％) was reported in 166 (95.4％) cases.Thrombocytopenia (＜ 100 × 109/ L) was documented in 24 (13.8％) cases.The most frequently isolated pathogen was C.albicans (99/174,56.9％),followed by C.parapsilosis (37/174,21.3％),C.glabrata (20/174,11.5％),C.krusei (11/174,6.3％),C.tropicalis (4/174,2.3％),and other Candida spp.(3/174,1.7％).The death rate was 50.0％ (87/174).Univariate analysis showed that old age,thrombocytopenia,hypoalbuminemia,renal insufficiency,indwelling urinary catheter were associated with death of candidemia patients.Multivariate analysis showed that hypoalbuminemia,bacterial co-infection,and indwelling urinary catheter were independent risk factors of death in nosocomial candidemia.Conclusions Nosocomial candidemia is more common in the patients treated in ICU and surgery ward.The most common pathogen of nosocomial candidemia is C.albicans associated with high mortality.Old age,hypoalbuminemia,bacterial co-infection,and indwelling urinary catheter are associated with death in nosocomial candidemia.
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The antimalarial activity of artemisinin and its derivatives have been widely recognized.A deep scientific research had produced many patent documents.In order to formulate strategies on research and patent application rationally,it is necessary to carry an analysis existing patent application systematically.Necessary patent bibliographic information was searched and downloaded using professional patent database.And then,patent and industrial pattern within were extracted comprehensively.Main subjects included artemisinin,artemisinic acid and arteannuin B.The results showed that through a series of statistical analysis,information on life cycle of artemisinin patent applications,application efficiency preferences,excellent applications and high value patents was obtained.It was concluded that in this field,the patent technology life cycle is in mature stage.Among them,artemisinin has a relatively large space for development.The most popular applications are anti-parasite,anti-tumor and anti-infection.The core theme of internal reference is to treat skin diseases and to suppress cancer.
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The function of health care and rehabilitation in Tai Chi has been recognized by the world.Studies on the mechanism of health care in Tai Chi have been conducted by domestic and international experts using the methods of sports biomechanics,most of which focus on human lower extremity.Twenty research literatures (15articles in English and 5 articles in Chinese) during the year 2007-2015 about biomechanics of the lower extremity in Tai Chi were searched.According to the research purpose and evaluation index,this paper mainly reviewed from 3 aspects:the kinematic & kinetic characteristics of Tai Chi and its influence on the lower extremity,the effect of Tai Chi on muscle activity of the lower extremity,and the impact of Tai Chi movement on interaction between biomechanical parameters of the lower extremity and other system parameters.The prospects and limitations in biomechanical studies on the lower extremity in Tai Chi were also summarized.
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Objective: To evaluate the impact of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) with pre-operative intra-aortic balloon pump (P-IABP) implantation on short and long term prognosis in octogenarian patients of ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: We performed aretrospectively study in octogenarian STEMI patients treated in our hospital from 2004-01 to 2014-08. The patients were divided into 2 groups: P-IABP group,n=24 and PPCI group,n=73 including 12 patients who received rescue IABP (R-IABP) because of intra- or post-procedural hemodynamic collapse as a subgroup.Major end point events included 1 month and 1-, 2-year post-operative death; major adverse cardiac and cerebral events (MACCE) included 1 month post-operative cardiac shock, new or worsening heart failure (HF), re-infarction and stroke. The predictors causing different endpoint events were identiifed by Cox proportional hazard model analysis. Results: 1 month and 1-, 2-year post-operative death were similar between 2 groups (8.3% vs 16.4%), (16.7% vs 24.7%), (25.0% vs 30.1%) respectively; MACCE incidence was also similar (20.8% vs 30.1%), allP>0.05. Death rates between P-IABP group and R-IABP subgroup were similar at different time points,P>0.05; while MACCE incidence in P-IABP group was lower than R-IABP subgroup (20.8% vs 66.7%),P=0.005 and it was mainly presented by reduced HF occurrence (8.3% vs 41.7%),P=0.003. Coxproportional hazard model analysis indicated that post-operative TIMI lfow<3 grade was the independent predictor for 1 month death (HR=4.79, 95% CI1.59-14.39,P=0.005), complicating diseases as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, kidney impairment and anemiawere themain independent predictors for 2-year death (HR=3.0, 95% CI 1.37-6.56,P=0.006). Conclusion: PPCI and P-IABP had no signiifcant differencefor short and long term survivalin octogenarianSTEMIpatients. Compared with R-IABP, P-IABP patients had the lower MACC Eincidence at 1 month post-operation .
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Objective To analyze the clinical value of CDUS in the diagnosis of thyroid cancer.Methods 97 patients with TMC were diagnosed by CDUS and CT,the clinical value of CDUS was evaluated.Results A total of 1 1 2 lesions TMC,CT diagnosis of 81 ,CDUS confirmed 99,the positive rates were 72.32%,88.39% respectively.In 97 cases,1 3 cases of lymph node metastasis,CT diagnosis of lymph node metastasis rate was 53.85%,CDUS of 92.31 %.CDUS in diagnosis of TMC was effective than CT diagnosis (χ2 =4.887,P =0.027).Conclusion CDUS has important value in the diagnosis of TMC.
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Objective To explore the advantages and disadvantages of ultrasound guided puncture microwave ablation and traditional surgical treatment of nodular goiter.Methods From January 2014 to June 2015,102 cases of nodular goiter who were treated in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Gaozhou Affiliated to Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were randomly divided into two groups,51 cases in each group.Respectively by ultrasound guided puncture nodules of thyroid swollen microwave ablation (microwave ablation group) and traditional operation type removed most of the thyroid nodules (traditional surgery group) in the treatment of containing.The amount of bleeding,operation time,hospital stay,medical cost,clinical efficacy,postoperative complications and the degree of pain,and thyroid function were compared between the two groups.Results The amount of bleeding,operation time and length of hospital stay in the microwave ablation group were better than those in the traditional operation group((2.02±0.79) ml vs.(28.24±18.49) ml,(34.20 ±9.60) min vs.(75.59±25.41) min,(3.55± 1.05) d vs.(10.27±2.68) d),the medical cost of the microwave ablation group was higher than that of the traditional operation group((14 341±593) yuan vs.(5 812±970) yuan),the differences were statistically significant (t =-10.12,-10.88,-16.68,53.54;P ＜0.01).There were significant difference in terms of the postoperative pain and complications between the groups (x2=50.86,13.22;P＜0.01).The total absorption rate was 100％ in 18 months after the ablation of the nodule.There was no significant difference about postoperative residual small nodules between the two groups(P ＞0.05).Conclusion Compared with the traditional treatment,the microwave ablation treatment of nodular goiter with less complications,is a new technique of minimally invasive,beauty,safe and feasible,the exact clinical effect,and worthy of popularization and application.
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Currently osteoporosis in children has become an important disease, which includes primary osteoporosis and secondary osteoporosis.Glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis is the most common secondary osteoporosis.Glucocorticoid has been widely used in clinical treatment of various inflammatory diseases and autoimmune function disorders, such as nephrotic syndrome and systemic lupus erythematosus.Although glucocorticoid has strong anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic and immunosuppressive effect,long-term use can cause a variety of complications, such as osteoporosis.This review focuses on the pathogenesis of glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis and its diagnosis and treatment strategy,in order to provide more extensive theoretical basis for pediatricians, to draw more attention for them, and also to provide appropriate evaluation and clinical guide.